The Senegalese branch of the Umarian Tijâniya, established by El-Hadj ‘Umar Tall (1797-1864), is based in Dakar. The Mahdiyya branch of the Tijâniyya was established in Tiénaba in 1882 by Amari Ndack Seck (1830-1899). Also in the 1930’s Tierno Mamadou Seydou Baa (1898-1980), a Tijânî sheikh from the Fuuta Tooro, established his branch of the order in Madina Gounass, in the Upper Casamance. Its network of zâwiyas extends across West Africa (the Gambia, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria) and to the US. At the international scale, the most active Senegalese branch of the Tijâniya is Al-Tarbiyya, established in Kaolack’s Madina Baye neighborhood by El-Hadj Ibrahima Niass (1900-1975) in the 1930s. Established there in 1902 by El-Hadj Malik Sy (1855-1922), this branch was the first to organize zâwiyas in the emerging colonial towns, in the capital cities: Saint Louis and Dakar, as well as in the main rail escales.
The most important of the Tijâni branches, at the national level, is the Sy Zâwiya based in Tivaouane. The principal branches of the Tijâniyya in Senegal are: This fractured political and administrative structure explains the large number and diversity of Tijânî shrines and settlements in Senegal. Within certain branches too there are important internal divisions. The Tijâniya is the largest of Senegal’s Sufi orders in terms of number of affiliates but the order is subdivided into several distinct branches, each independent of the other. The mosque officially opened in January 2008. The Layene are a smaller Sufi order, centered at Yoff, north of Dakar. The Mourides, the richest and most active, founded by the Islamic leader Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba (1850–1927) of French West Africa, now Senegal. The Tijaniyyah, the largest in membership, founded in Fez, Morocco by the Algerian born Cheikh Sīdī 'Aḥmad at-Tijānī. The Xaadir (Qādiriyya), the oldest, founded in Baghdad by the Sufi mystic Abdul Qādir al-Jilānī in the 12th century, spread to Senegal in the 18th Century. The most important brotherhoods in Senegal are: The Tijaniyyah originated in North Africa but is now more widespread in West Africa.Īhmad al Tijani was born in Algeria and died in Fes, Morocco.Ībout the Sufi orders in Senegal the most important are: This is an important place for the Tijaniyyah, the Sufi tariqa (order, path) within Sunni Islam. Seydou Nourou Tall was born in 1862 in Nioro du Sahel (Mali). Seydou Nourou Tall (1862-1980) was the grandson of the famous El Hadj Umar Tall. Buy this photo on Getty Images : Getty Images
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